京都大学 京都大学

Electrical Conduction in Condensed Matter

Numbering Code U-ENG26 46104 LJ72 Year/Term 2022 ・ First semester
Number of Credits 2 Course Type Lecture
Target Year Target Student
Language Japanese Day/Period Wed.2
Instructor name DOI TOSHIYA (Graduate School of Energy Science Professor)
KAKEYA ITSUHIRO (Graduate School of Engineering Associate Professor)
Outline and Purpose of the Course A fundamental aspect of the electrical conduction in solids is discoursed in terms of physics based on the classical dynamics and later on the quantum physics. An important concept of the phonon and the electron-phonon is discoursed, which play a very important role in the electrical conduction in solids. The electrical conductivity is discoursed with a frequency from 0, that is dc, to optical frequency, by which a unified understanding of electrical conduction and the optical property is intended.
Course Goals This class in intended to bestow the understanding of the solid state physics of a level dealt in the celebrated textbook by Ashcroft and Mermin. It is also intended for those attending in this class to acquire an ability sufficient to strive through such a textbook by himself or herself after the class is completed.
Schedule and Contents (1) Fundamentals of quantum mechanics, and the hydrogen atom model (2 classes)
A simple review is made of quantum mechanics, and explication is made of electron states (energy, spatial distribution, etc.) within hydrogen and atoms other than hydrogen.

(2) Free-electron Fermi gas (3 classes)
Explanation is made of the free-electron model as an ideal Fermi gas. Then, an overall explanation is provided of conductivity in metals, electronic specific heat, and the Hall effect.

(3) Energy bands (2 classes)
The band structure of electron energy within a solid crystal is introduced, and explanation is provided of conductivity and the band structures of conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.

(4) Electron-phonon interactions, and conductivity in metals and semiconductors (4 classes)
Lattice vibration is explained via quantized phonons (Bose particles) and Bose statistics, and lattice specific heat is introduced via determination of phonon density of state. Phonon scattering and electron scattering are explained. On this basis, explanation is then provided regarding the heat dependent nature of resistivity in metals, as well as of the Bloch-Grüneisen law at low temperature. Conductivity in semiconductors, especially scattering, is also explained.

(5) Superconductivity (3 classes)
With respect to superconductive phenomena, explanation is made, using the London equation, of the Meissner effect, etc. Overview explanation is made of the Ginzburg-Landau theory, and order parameters are introduced. The relationship between phase and vector potential, important for superconductivity, is explained, as well as the Josephson effect. Explained also is magnetic flux quantization within type II (high field) superconductors.

(6) Feedback lesson (1 class)
Confirmation of learned content is made based on evaluations of short tests and the score on the final examination, etc.
Evaluation Methods and Policy Basically, an examination is imposed after the last class. A report may be imposed in case of necessity.
Course Requirements Those who would like to attend in this class are recommended to study electrodynamics, statistical physics, and introduction to the solid state devices in advance. The lecture is, however, given in Japanese.
Study outside of Class (preparation and review) Preparing before classes and reviewing after classes are recommended.
Textbooks Textbooks/References Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th ed., C. Kittel, (Wiley), ISBN:0471680575
References, etc. 電子伝導の物理, 田沼静一, (裳華房), ISBN:4785329149
Solid State Physics, Ashcroft-Mermin, , ISBN:0030839939
固体物性と電気伝導, 鈴木実, (森北出版), ISBN:9784627156012
初歩から学ぶ固体物理学 (ＫＳ物理専門書), 矢口裕之, , ISBN:4563024082
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