Fundamentals of Hydrology
| Numbering Code | U-ENG23 33030 LJ73 | Year/Term | 2022 ・ First semester | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Credits | 2 | Course Type | Lecture | |
| Target Year | Target Student | |||
| Language | Japanese | Day/Period | Tue.5 | |
| Instructor name |
ICHIKAWA YUTAKA (Graduate School of Engineering Professor) TACHIKAWA YASUTO (Graduate School of Engineering Professor) NAKAKITA EIICHI (Disaster Prevention Research Institute Professor) SAYAMA TAKAHIRO (Disaster Prevention Research Institute Associate Professor) YAMAGUCHI KOSEI (Disaster Prevention Research Institute Associate Professor) YOROZU KAZUAKI (Graduate School of Engineering Senior Lecturer) |
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| Outline and Purpose of the Course | The fundamental concept of hydrology is the hydrological cycle, which is various scale physical processes of water movements in the atmosphere, land surfaces, and oceans. Solar energy and gravity forces play major roles for the hydrological cycle. Solar energy drives the dynamic processes of water vapor formation from oceans and land surfaces, and transport of vapor in the atmosphere. The vapor changes to liquid and fall on the land surfaces as precipitation, then the flow of water on and under the land surfaces are driven by gravity. Hydrology is the study of the movement of water on and under the land surface and its applications to mitigate water-related disasters, develop water resources and preserve the environment. In the class, basic hydrological processes such as solar radiation, precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, surface and subsurface flow, and river flow are described. | |||
| Course Goals | The aim of the course is to understand the basic hydrological processes to obtain the knowledge for analyzing hydrological phenomenon and the engineering background for water resources development. | |||
| Schedule and Contents |
1. The hydrologic cycle: The contents of the class is overviewed and the concept of the hydrological cycle is provided. The role of hydrology in the field of civil engineering is described. 2-4. Precipitation processes: Precipitation, the flow of water from the atmosphere to the surface, will be explained from the perspective of atmospheric thermodynamics and how rain clouds are formed. First, we will show the principles of dry adiabatic process and moist adiabatic process (how a "baby" cumulonimbus cloud is formed), which also lead to the understanding of hydrological land surface processes. Next, we will explain the potential instability of the atmosphere (why cumulonimbus clouds develop rapidly). 5. Interception and infiltration: The process of precipitation interception by trees is introduced. Then the governing equation of unsaturated flow and the basic equations of potential infiltration are explained. 6. Groundwater flow: The mechanism of rainfall-runoff in mountainous slope The mechanism of groundwater is explained. The physical equation to represent groundwater flow is derived from the continuity and momentum equations of water flow. 7-9. Surface runoff: The mechanism of rainfall-runoff in mountainous slope is explained. The kinematic wave equation is derived from the momentum equation of water flow, and then the analytical solutions of the kinematic wave model are provided. Rainfall-runoff modeling using the kinematic wave equation is explained. 10. Solar radiation and energy balance: Energy and water cycle driven by solar radiation is described. Basic mechanism of global warming ant its influence on hydrologic cycle is introduced. 11-13. Evaporaion and transpiration: The mechanism of water and energy cycle through evapotranspiration is described. Energy balance at land surface and the wind of boundary layer is introduced. Then, methods to measure the evapotranspiration is described. 14. Flood routing: The mechanism of flood routing is explained. Numerical representation method to represent channel network structure is introduced, then typical flow routing methods are described. << Examination >>: Final examination is conducted. 15. Feedback: Questions from students are accepted. |
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| Evaluation Methods and Policy | The score is evaluated comprehensively with quiz, report, and the final examination. | |||
| Course Requirements | It is desiarable to study Hydraulics (2nd year) and probability and statistical analysis (2nd year). | |||
| Study outside of Class (preparation and review) | Read the handouts to understand contents to be given in lectures and to gain deep understanding of unclear points of the lectures. | |||
| Textbooks | Textbooks/References | エース水文学, 池淵周一・椎葉充晴・宝 馨・立川康人, (朝倉書店, 2006), ISBN:9784254264784 | ||
| References, etc. | 例題で学ぶ水文学, 椎葉充晴・立川康人・市川 温, (森北出版,2010) | |||
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