Numbering Code	U-PHA00 3C905 PJ86	Year/Term	2022 ・ Second semester
Number of Credits	4	Course Type	Practical training
Target Year	3rd year students or above	Target Student
Language	Japanese	Day/Period
Instructor name	Hiroyuki Watanabe (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Senior Lecturer) TAKAHASHI YUUKI (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Associate Professor) YAMAGUCHI YOSHIAKI (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Senior Lecturer) SHIRAKAWA HISASHI (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Associate Professor) HIGUCHI YURIKO (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Associate Professor) Nagayasu Kazuki (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assistant Professor) MIYAKE TAKAHITO (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assistant Professor) IIKUNI　SHIMPEI (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assistant Professor) KAWAMOTO YUSUKE (Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assistant Professor)
Outline and Purpose of the Course	In this training, students will learn the basic techniques required to conduct experiments in the fields of anatomy, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and radiochemistry (medical-drug science), and their application to medical and pharmaceutical research. In addition to studying animal anatomy, drug action-point-evaluation methods, and drug-efficacy test methods using animal individuals and excised organ specimens, students will learn about the physiological-regulation mechanism of biological functions by analyzing drug pharmacokinetics. They will learn safe ways of handling radiation, methods of preparing radiopharmaceuticals, and methods of in vivo trace-component analysis related to clinical examinations. They will also study the practical use of various formulation-test and clinical test methods.
Course Goals	○ Explain the drug-efficacy method for evaluating the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, circulatory system, and digestive system, using animal models or animal excised specimens, and measure the effects of typical drugs (Department of Molecular Pharmacology). ○ Explain the principle of radiation measurement and be able to measure radiation using the correct method. Learn experimental methods for preparing and using typical radiopharmaceuticals (Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis). ○ Analyze the process of drug disintegration/dissolution, as well as drug stability, absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and pharmacokinetics, which affect the expression of the pharmacological effect when using a solid drug for internal use (Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and Department of Drug Delivery Research). ○ List the typical organs that make up the body and explain their morphological characteristics. Prepare brain sections and observe the morphology of brain cells using a microscope (Department of Systems Biology).
Schedule and Contents	1. General introductory lecture: Outline of medical training and how to handle animals 2. Pharmacology introductory lecture: Pharmacology training 3. Regulatory mechanism of cardiac function: The action of drugs on an isolated atrial specimen 4. Intestinal-contraction control mechanism: The action of drugs on an excised intestinal specimen 5. Judging analgesic efficacy: The pain-test method using mice; judging analgesic efficacy 6. Evaluating drug efficacy through behavioral observation: Evaluating the efficacy of central-nervous-system drugs by observing mouse behavior 7. Double-blind method: Experiment involving the effect of caffeine on work performance 8. Summary of pharmacology training: Data aggregation and statistical exercises 9. Introduction to Radiation lecture: Radioactive-radiopharmaceuticals chemistry training 10. Safe handling and management of radiation: Principles and radiation-measurement methods and safe handling and management 11. Radiopharmaceuticals (1) (2): Preparation of In-111 labeled albumin, and measurement of circulating blood volume in mice 12. Radiopharmaceutical (3): Bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-MDP 13. Fluorescence imaging: In vivo photoimaging with indocyanine green-Luminol reaction, luminescence observation 14. Drug Stability: experiments and the analysis of aspirin stability 15. Gastrointestinal absorption of drugs: Experiments and mechanical analysis of drug gastrointestinal absorption using rat in situ small intestinal continuous perfusion 16. Pharmacokinetics: Experiments, analysis, and simulation experiments on changes in drug blood concentration, metabolism, and excretion dynamics 17. Clearance analysis: Pharmacokinetic simulation based on clearance theory 18. Disintegration/dissolution of solid preparations for internal use: Disintegration/dissolution test method listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 19. Neuroanatomy (1): Macroscopic anatomy of mouse brain and peripheral organs 20. Neuroanatomy (2): Microscopic observation of brain cells using immunohistochemistry
Evaluation Methods and Policy	Evaluation will be based on the following: normal points 50%; and reports 50%. ○ Students must be able to evaluate the action of drugs in the living body and analyze the functional molecules involved (Department of Molecular Pharmacology). ○ Students must be able to carry out appropriate measurements, in accordance with the type of radiation. They must prepare radioactive radiopharmaceuticals safely and use them appropriately (Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis). ○ Students must be able to evaluate and analyze pharmacokinetics after the formulation and administration of drugs, as well as the factors that affect them (Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism and Department of Drug Delivery Research). ○ Students must understand anatomy, grasping the names, morphologies, positions, and functions of the organs that make up the living body using a microscope (Department of Systems Biology).
Course Requirements	None
Study outside of Class (preparation and review)	Instruction will be provided during training.
Textbooks	Textbooks/References	“Practice book”
References, etc.	Other, distribution protocol