Numbering Code	U-LET29 37231 LJ37	Year/Term	2022 ・ First semester
Number of Credits	2	Course Type	special lecture
Target Year		Target Student
Language	Japanese	Day/Period	Fri.3
Instructor name	SADANOBU TOSHIYUKI (Graduate School of Letters Professor)
Outline and Purpose of the Course	As the Chinese language went international due to China’s territorial expansion into East Eurasia during the medieval Tang Dynasty, it had a massive impact upon the languages of surrounding ethnic groups due to the transplantation and adoption of Chinese character pronunciations, which was recorded in the literature of those groups. By the early modern period, phonological changes with northern dialect characteristics began to manifest, starting with the Beijing dialect that is considered to be the standard dialect in contemporary standard Chinese. In this class, we shall read literature from the transitional period from medieval to early modern period, and by tracing the historical changes in Chinese pronunciation during this time, gain a practical grasp of the numerous diachronic linguistics found in literary materials. First, we will outline materials reflecting standard medieval Chinese pronunciation and early modern Chinese pronunciation and their phoneme systems, followed by discussion of aspects of initials, finals, and tone in the Chinese of the era based upon various works recording Chinese pronunciation between the medieval and modern periods. The materials used will be varied, including Tibetan, Khotan, and Uighur transcriptions, Chinese character pronunciations transmitted to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, rime tables and fanqie materials, and modern pronunciations. However, we will pay particular attention to Chinese pronunciation reflected in Khitan script literature, which has been deciphered in recent years. Historical changes in Chinese pronunciation represent basic knowledge that should be known not only to those researching Chinese history, but those researching the language and literature surrounding China. However, the history of Chinese phonology during this period directly leads to the origins of the modern Beijing dialect, and may provide useful knowledge for those researching modern Chinese.
Course Goals	・Understand terminology and concepts peculiar to Chinese phonology, and cultivate diverse viewpoints of language studies. ・Use diverse literary materials to learn methods of researching changes in language pronunciation over time.
Schedule and Contents	First semester will cover the following topics. However, content may be partly changed depending on the background knowledge of participants. [Part 1] Basics 1st: Introduction 2nd: Chinese phoneme structure and contemporary Beijing pronunciation 3rd: Middle Chinese outline (1): Rime dictionaries, fanqie, and rime tables 4th: Middle Chinese outline (2): Qieyun finals and tone system 5th: Middle Chinese outline (3): Qieyun initials system 6th: Middle Chinese outline (4): Mid-Tang Dynasty Chang’an 7th: Early modern pronunciation outline: Yuan Dynasty urban pronunciation [Part 2] Initials 8th: Medieval and early modern literature outline 9th: Voiced and voiceless sound theory (1): Changed to voiced and voiceless sounds in Tang Dynasty pronunciations and modern pronunciations 10th: Voiced and voiceless sound theory (2): Fully voiced sounds in medieval and modern literature 11th: Voiced and voiceless sound theory (3): Less voiced sounds in medieval and modern literatureE12th: Five tone theory (1): Problems with labial and guttural sounds 13th: Five tone theory (2): Problems with linguadental sounds 14th: Total theory of initials 15th: Feedback
Evaluation Methods and Policy	According to performance (short papers and participation in class) (50%) and final paper (50%).
Course Requirements	Knowledge of Chinese is not essential. Students with no experience studying Chinese or knowledge of Chinese studies are welcome.
Study outside of Class (preparation and review)	The terminology and concepts in part 1 in particular are essential knowledge for later classes, and should be reviewed until mastered.
Textbooks	Textbooks/References	Not used, distribute printouts
References, etc.	Tokuji Ushijima, Junichi Kosaka・Akiyasu Todo, eds., 『中国文化叢書１　言語』 (Taishukan Publishing, 2011 new edition) ISBN:9784469232646