ILAS Seminar :Scripts and Written Artefacts
| Numbering Code | U-LAS70 10001 SJ50 | Year/Term | 2022 ・ First semester | |
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| Number of Credits | 2 | Course Type | seminar | |
| Target Year | Mainly 1st year students | Target Student | For all majors | |
| Language | English | Day/Period | Tue.5 | |
| Instructor name | Tao PAN (Graduate School of Letters Program-Specific Senior Lecturer) | |||
| Outline and Purpose of the Course |
This seminar is divided into two parts. In the first part several important scripts and writing systems will be introduced. Not only the writing systems of Indo-European languages (Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, etc.) but also non-Indo-European languages (Egyptian, Akkadian, Chinese, etc.) will be analysed in detail. The second part is devoted to written artefacts and manuscript cultures, and numerous examples will be presented. Based on the knowledge in the first part, several reading exercises are planned to facilitate the understanding of writing cultures. |
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| Course Goals | The participants will gain basic knowledge of various scripts, logic of writings systems and development of writing cultures. | |||
| Schedule and Contents |
I. Scripts and Writing Systems Week #01 Writing Systems in the World 1.1. General Introduction 1.2. Logic of Writing and Typology of Scripts 1.3. Logogram (表語文字) vs Phonogram (表音文字) {grapheme 書記素} Logogram: logo-consonantal (Egyptian hieroglyph) vs logo-syllabic (Hittite cuneiform); Phonogram: alphabetic vs syllabic. 1.4. Interplay between Scripts and Languages (e.g. Scripts and Word Forms, cf. Katakana) References: The world's writing systems; Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics Volume 1, 5. The writing systems of Indo-European; Week #02 Writing Systems of Indo-European Languages Part 1 2.1. Alphabetic Greek 2.2. Case Study: Venetus A Manuscript of Iliad 2.3. Mycenaean Greek Script (Linear B) 2.4. Case Study: Documents KN Ca 895 and PY Ta 722 2.5. Gothic Alphabet and Runic Script 2.6. Latin Letters (Etruscan and Greek Letters) Story of Decipherment Linear B Week #03 Writing Systems of Indo-European Languages Part 2 3.1. Brahmi Script 3.2. Case Study: Ashoka Inscription in Brahmi; Story of Decipherment Brahmi Script 3.3. Kharosthi Script 3.4. Case Study: Ashoka Inscription in Kharosthi 3.5. Case Study: Coins in Greek and Gandhari; 3.6. Historical Development of Brahmi and Kharosthi Script Week #04 Writing Systems of Indo-European Languages Part 3 4.1. Avestan Script 4.2. Hittite Cuneiform 4.3. Luvian (Cuneiform and Hieroglyph) Exercise: based on the picture of Cuneiform tablets, draw the signs, then compare the results with the published ones. References: Salomon 1998 Indian epigraphy; Falk 2006 Ashokan Sites and Artefacts; Handout (glass_salomon_kharosthi); A companion to linear B Mycenaean Greek texts and their world 1; Introduction a l’Avesta; Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin 2020; Website: http://www.indoskript.org; http://calibra.classics.cam.ac.uk; https://damos.hf.uio.no/1; The Story of Decipherment From Egyptian Hieroglyphs to Maya Script; The Luwians; Week #05 Writing Systems of non-Indo-European Languages Part 1 5.1. Egyptian Hieroglyph 5.2. Akkadian Cuneiform 5.3. Maya Glyph 5.4. Chinese Script, Tangut Script (西夏文) References: Grosses Handwoerterbuch Aegyptisch-Deutsch; Einfuehrung in die hieroglyphisch-aegyptische Schrift und Sprache; Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik; Reading the Maya Glyphs; Tangut Language and Manuscripts An Introduction; Chinese Script History, Characters, Calligraphy; Week #06 Writing Systems of non-Indo-European Languages Part 2 Chinese Scripts and Calligraphy 6.1. Oracle Bone Script (甲骨文字) 6.2. Bronze Script (金文) 6.3. Seal Script (篆書体) 6.4. Clerical Script (隷書体) 6.5. Regular Script (楷書体) 6.6. Semi-Cursive Script (行書体) 6.7. 三希堂法帖 References: Chinese Script History, Characters, Calligraphy; 東京書道博物; 御刻三希堂石渠宝笈法帖; Chinese Calligraphy Collection; Chinese writing and calligraphy; Website: http://www.columbia.edu/~xc2282/calligraphy/calligraphy.html; Week #07 Scripts along the Silk Road 7.1. Scripts and Languages in Turfan Collection 7.2. Scripts and Dating (Chinese Calligraphy) 7.3. Case Study: Scripts and Buddhist Sects (Saindhavi Script) References: Fujieda 藤枝晃 Tunhuang Manuscripts Part II; Fujieda 1989 Earliest Types of Chinese Buddhist Manuscripts Excavated in Turfan; Tsui, Chung-hui 崔中慧 2020 Chinese Calligraphy and Early Buddhist Manuscripts; Dragomir Dimitrov 2020 The Buddhist Indus Script and Scriptures: on the so-called Bhaiksuki or Saindhavi Script of the Samitiyas and their Canon (CIII/64); Week #08 Recognise and Read Part 1 8.1. Case Study: Read Sanskrit Manuscript (Udanavarga, Catalogue System “SHT”) 8.2. Case Study: Read Khotanese Manuscript 8.3. Case Study: Read Gandhari Manuscript (Dharmapada) Week #09 Recognise and Read Part 2 9.1. Case Study: Read Bactrian Manuscripts 9.2. Case Study: Read Middle Persian & Parthian Manuscripts Reference: Sander 1968 Palaeographisches zu den Sanskrithandschriften; Bernhard 1965 Udanavarga; Brough 1962 The Gandhari Dharmapada. London; Sims-Williams 2007 Bactrian documents from Northern Afghanistan 2 Letters and Buddhist texts; Website: Sanskrit: http://idp.bbaw.de/ ; Gandhari: https://gandhari.org/ ; Tocharian https://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian ; II. Written Artefacts and Manuscript Cultures Week #10 Western Manuscripts 10.1. General Introduction 10.2. Western Manuscripts (Greek, Latin, Old Church Slavonic, Gothic, Old High German, Old Icelandic, etc.) 10.3. Papyrus, Parchment and Codex Reference: The Birth of the Codex Week #11 Oriental Manuscripts 11.1. General Introduction 11.2. Oriental Manuscripts (Gandhari, Sanskrit, Khotanese, Tocharian, Chinese, etc.) 11.3. Differences and Similarities between Western and Oriental Manuscripts References: Manuscript Cultures Mapping the Field; One-Volume Libraries Composite and Multiple-Text Manuscripts Website: Homer (Venetus A): http://beta.hpcc.uh.edu/hmt/archive-dl/VenetusA/ ; Aeneas: https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Vat.lat.3867 ; Gothic: http://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/view.jsf?pid=alvin-record%3A173610&dswid=7503 ; Old High German: http://www.handschriftencensus.de/werke ; Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen; Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda / Band 1; Old Icelandic: http://www.germanicmythology.com/works/CODEXREGIUS.html; Old English: https://ebeowulf.uky.edu/ebeo4.0/CD/main.html ; Sanskrit: http://idp.bbaw.de/ ; Gandhari: https://gandhari.org/ ; Avestan: https://ada.geschkult.fu-berlin.de Week #12 Composite Manuscripts 12.1. Textually Composite (Buddhist, Jaina, China; Bilingual) 12.2. Physically Composite (two layers, glued or sewn) 12.3. Philosophical/Religious Encounters between Asia and Europe 12.4. Case Study: Manichaeism in Tocharian und Old Turkic; Toch B-Uighur Bilingual Hymn to Mani (fragment U99-103/T III D 259-260) References: The Emergence of Multiple-Text Manuscripts; Hartmann Wille Skt Handschriften Sammlung Pelliot 3510 Sammelhandschriften; Hartmann 2017 SHT 7185; Pan/Chen 2021 Traces of Chinese Buddhist Scrolls in Fragments of Tocharian Pothis; von Gabain/Winter 1958 Ein Hymnus an den Vater Mani auf “Tocharisch” B mit alttuerkischer Uebersetzung; Pinault 2008 Bilingual hymn to Mani: Analysis of the Tocharian B parts Week #13 Production of Manuscripts 13.1. Production of Palm Leaf Manuscripts 13.2. Chinese Buddhist Scrolls Transformed into Tocharian Pothis (How & Why & When & Where) 13.3. Manuscript Forgeries 13.4. Unknown Script or Forgery? Hoernle Biscript References: Sims-Williams 2000 Forgeries from Chinese Turkestan in the British Library’s Hoernle and Stein Collections; Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries 2002; Rosen 2001 Hedin Forgery; Fakes and Forgeries of Written Artefacts from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern China; Dragoni Schoubben Peyrot 2020 The Formal Kharosthi script from the Northern Tarim Basin in Northwest China may write an Iranian language Website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1G7Nd5Y6UCE Week #14 Review and Preparation for Final Test Week #15 Final Test Week #16 Feedback |
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| Evaluation Methods and Policy |
The course is conducted in form of lectures. The participants will be asked to prepare short presentations based on further reading materials. These presentations will either provide further details to the topics dealt with before, or introduce new topics. 1. Attendance + Participation 20% 2. Presentation on seminar topics 40% 3. Final Test 40% |
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| Course Requirements | Classes will be held in English with translational help provided by a Japanese TA. | |||
| Study outside of Class (preparation and review) | The participants are expected to review the course content covered in the previous sessions and prepare the reading materials assigned after each session. | |||
| Textbooks | Textbooks/References |
Please refer to "Course schedule and contents" for the course texts and materials. |
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| References, etc. | Please refer to "Course schedule and contents" for the course texts and materials. | |||
