Numbering Code	G-MED22 5M038 LJ94	Year/Term	2022 ・ First semester
Number of Credits	2	Course Type	Lecture
Target Year	1st year master's students	Target Student
Language	Japanese	Day/Period	Wed.3・4
Instructor name	WAKAMURA TOMOKO (Graduate School of Medicine Professor)
Outline and Purpose of the Course	Students will understand that the process by which nursing science was formed follows the same theoretical basis as that of other sciences, and learn about the process of constructing theory and the structure of nursing science. We will also review the history of nursing theory, understand the circumstances surrounding the development of nursing science, and learn about the connection between nursing theory and practice, which forms the foundation for nursing in practice. Students will acquire the ability to apply these theories usefully in their own nursing practice, and develop basic perspectives that facilitate the development of nursing science.
Course Goals	1. Acquire skills to explain the process by which nursing theory was established, and the definition, structural elements, and types of nursing theory. 2. Acquire skills to explain historical changes in nursing theory and its development process. 3. Understand the main nursing theories and discuss issues pertaining to them. 4. Acquire skills to explain various theoretical findings with respect to their potential applications. 5. Critically consider nursing theories that can be applied to the development of each field of advanced practical nursing, and develop abilities that are useful in improving their quality.
Schedule and Contents	Session 1. What is nursing theory? We will explain the aims and overview of this course, as well as how it will proceed. Session 2. What is care? We will outline the meaning of care by drawing upon the views of German philosophers such as Hildegard, Heidegger, and Weizsäcker. Session 3. Historical discussions of nursing theory We consider the historical background behind the emergence of nursing theorists globally, and the reason why nursing science has particularly developed in the US. Session 4. The founders of modern nursing and their theories We will present an outline of the theories of modern nursing scholars using Fawcett's ideas, and understand their characteristics. Session 5. Florence Nightingale's career and legacy Drawing on Florence Nightingale's career and her writings, we will explain the social background and the state of nursing at the time. Session 6. The application of nursing theory to clinical nursing We will explain the significance of applying nursing theory to clinical nursing through specific examples. Session 7. Introduction to nursing theory and issues of theory 1, Humanistic nursing theory (Henderson and Orem) We will explain Henderson and Orem's theories and discuss related issues. Session 8. Introduction to nursing theory and issues of theory 2, Humanistic nursing theory (Watson and Benner) We will introduce and explain Watson and Benner's theories and discuss relevant issues. Session 9. Introduction to nursing theory and issues of theory 3, Interpersonal relations theory (Peplau) We will introduce and explain Peplau's theory and discuss related issues. Session 10. Introduction to nursing theory and issues of theory 4, Humans as adaptive systems (Roy) We will explain and introduce Roy's theory and discuss related issues. Session 11. Introduction to nursing theory and issues of theory 5, People as a place for energy (Rogers) We will explain and introduce Rogers' theory and discuss related issues. Session 12. Introduction of mid-range theory and its application to nursing practice 1 We will address physiological fields such as acute pain and weight control through a close scrutiny of academic articles. Session 13. Introduction of mid-range theory and its application to nursing practice 2 We will address cognitive fields such as health belief models and the concept of self-care for chronic illnesses through close scrutiny of academic articles. Session 14. Introduction of mid-range theory and its application to nursing practice 3 We will address emotional fields such as empathy, grief, and successful aging through the close scrutiny of academic articles. Session 15. Feedback
Evaluation Methods and Policy	Comprehensive assessment based on lecture attendance (40%), presentation skills (30%), and content of the report (30%).
Course Requirements	None
Study outside of Class (preparation and review)	Details will be given in class. Research papers indicated as study materials are to be read thoroughly ahead of the relevant class. We will decide who is responsible for presentations on each nursing theorist while respecting the direction of the students. We adopt a learning method in which students study theory by telling others about what they understand. It is therefore essential to prepare in advance.
Textbooks	Textbooks/References	Although no textbook is specified, do not read the Japanese translations of the works of each nursing theorist alone. Do make sure to read their original texts as well. We use English-language papers as teaching materials to understand applied examples and mid-range theory.
References, etc.	木村敏, "病因論研究" (講談社学術文庫) ISBN: 978-4061591424, 野島良子 "看護科学のパラダイム転換　質的研究はいつ、なぜ登場したのか？" (へるす出版) ISBN: 978-4892696725