Numbering Code	G-AGR02 5BA60 LJ80	Year/Term	2022 ・ First semester
Number of Credits	1	Course Type	Lecture
Target Year		Target Student
Language	Japanese	Day/Period	Mon.2
Instructor name	SUGIYAMA JUNJI (Graduate School of Agriculture Professor)
Outline and Purpose of the Course	The principle and method of recent electron microscope technology are explained, and examples of application to those woody materials are learned. In addition, the biosynthetic mechanism of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin i.e. the major components of wood cell wall, and the process of deposition and deposition, and how they are assembled to form cell walls are explained.
Course Goals	・ Understanding in the latest electron microscopy technology and its application examples and ability to develop to the student’s study. ・ Understanding in the woody materials handled by the student by understanding the mechanism of biosynthesis of cell wall components and microstructure of cell walls.
Schedule and Contents	1. Observation of tree cells by rapid freezing method Since the rapid freezing method instantly freezes cells, it is said it can observe cells that are very close to the living state. In this lecture, the principle of rapid freezing method is explained, and examples applied to timber are introduced. 2. Immunoelectron microscopy Immunoelectron microscopy is an extremely effective method in observing the distribution of proteins and polysaccharides in cells. In this lecture, the principle of immuno labeling method is explained, and examples applied to cell wall formation are introduced. 3. Biosynthesis and Deposition of Cellulose In recent years, research on cellulose biosynthesis has been remarkable, and the mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis by cellulose synthase has been reported in detail. In this lecture, the mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis based on recent findings is explained. Also, the mechanism of orientation of cellulose microfibrils is explained. 4. Biosynthesis and deposition of hemicellulose The biosynthesis of hemicellulose is carried out in an organelle Golgi apparatus. How the hemicellulose synthesis progresses in the Golgi apparatus and how the synthesized hemicellulose is transported to the cell wall are explained. 5. Biosynthesis and deposition of lignin Lignin proceeds three stages: biosynthesis of monolignols, their transport to the cell wall, and polymerization in the cell wall. The mechanism in each step is explained. 6. Molecular structure of cell wall Wood cell wall consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and what kind of molecular arrangement they are in the cell wall are explained from results obtained from observation of formation process and decomposition process. 7. Recent wood cell wall studies Recently reported results of research on the formation and microstructure of wood cell walls are lecturedd in detail. Each of the above issue in 1 or 2 class hour.
Evaluation Methods and Policy	Graded by attendance and participation in the class discussion. Grading criteria and achievement are based on [Grading Criteria and Achievement] described in the “2017 Guide to Degree Program, Graduate School of Agriculture.”
Course Requirements	None
Study outside of Class (preparation and review)	Students are required to review the lecture attentively by reading the handouts.
Textbooks	Textbooks/References	Handouts will be provided as necessary.