Seminar on Chemistry of Wood Biomass Conversion1
| Numbering Code | G-AGR03 5CB47 SJ79 | Year/Term | 2022 ・ Year-round |
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| Number of Credits | 3 | Course Type | Seminar |
| Target Year | Target Student | ||
| Language | Japanese | Day/Period | |
| Instructor name |
WATANABE TAKASHI (Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Professor) WATANABE TAKAHITO (Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Assistant Professor) NISHIMURA HIROSHI (Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Program-Specific Associate Professor) |
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| Outline and Purpose of the Course | In this lecture we will introduce conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels, chemicals and useful materials by biological and chemical methods. Structural analysis of plant cell wall components by advanced NMR, wood decay mechanisms and biological functions of wood rotting basidiomycetes will be lectured, paying special attention to free radical regulation mechanisms of their secondary metabolites and lignin-degrading enzymes. We will introduce cellular response of selective lignin-degrading fungi to lignin fragments, and lipid metabolism relevant to wood decay. Catalytic functions of cellulolytic enzymes and their interaction with biomass components are also introduced. Roles of biomass conversion in sustainable environment are discussed. | ||
| Schedule and Contents |
1. Biomass resource for sustainable society Potential roles of lignocellulosic biomass for sustainable society are introduced. Current situation of biomass conversion and their relevance to sustainable society are discussed. 2. Fundamental and applied studies of conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels, chemicals and functional substances with microorganisms, enzymes and chemical reactions Production technologies of bioethanol, aromatic chemicals and functional materials from lignocellulosic biomass are introduced. Pretreatments separating cell wall components and their importance in enzymatic saccharification and fermentation is discussed. 3. Analysis of superfine structure of plant cell wall components by NMR and their interaction with cellulolytic enzymes and peptides Structures of lignocellulosic biomass including lignin, hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin-carbohydrate complexes are lectured. Structural analsyis of plant cell walls and their components by advanced NMR is also lectured. Structure and molecular functions of cellulase and lignin-degrading enzymes are introduced. Interaction of cellulolytic enzymes with cell wall components is discussed. New catalysts bearing a peptide with high affinity to lignin is introduced. 4. Molecular biological and biochemical studies of basidiomycetes for biorefinery and bioremediation Expression and catalytic mechanism of lignin-degrading enzymes are discussed. Regulation mechanism of extracellular free radical reactions through secondary metabolites and enzymes in selective white rot fungi is discussed. Applications of basidiomycetes and other microorganisms for biorefinery and bioremediation are introduced. |
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| Evaluation Methods and Policy | In the lectures, "Reports" will be taken, and their evaluations will be carried out. | ||
| Course Requirements |
Fundamental understanding of biochemistry, microbiology, organic chemistry and plant science studied in the bachelor course should be confirmed. |
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| References, etc. |
Biochemistry (Third Edition), D. Voet & J. Voet Lignocellulose Conversion, Enzymatic and microbial tools for bioethanol production, V. Faraco |
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