京都大学 京都大学

Applied Life Sciences IV

Numbering Code G-AGR03 5CA04 LJ79 Year/Term 2022 ・ Intensive, First semester
Number of Credits 1 Course Type Lecture
Target Year Target Student
Language Japanese Day/Period Intensive
Instructor name SAKAI YASUYOSHI (Graduate School of Agriculture Professor)
YAZAKI KAZUFUMI (Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Professor)
Outline and Purpose of the Course Microbe - Plant interaction, and basic and applied life sciences and technology, originated from microbe-plant interaction, will be explained,
and new trends and their perspectives will be introduced on the basis of biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology.
Course Goals ・The students are expected to understand the origin and production system of fermented foods, especially beer, from biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology.
・The students are expected to understand the dynamics of intracellular structures, organelles, at the molecular level.
・The students learn the production mechanism of specific plant metabolites at cellular level by understanding biosynthetic enzymes and their subcellular localization of plant metabolites utilized in brewery and winery.
Schedule and Contents １）Sciences of biological phenomenon generated by microbe-plant interactions, and their new trends (Sakai, Yazaki)
a) Fermented foods, e.g, wine , beer, were originated from microbe-plant (crop) interactions. (Sakai)
How were new scientific fields originated through revealing the scientific mechanism of "fermentation"? These will be explained from views of both plant biologist and microbiologist. For example, "Fermentation as the origin of biochemistry", "Science of beer and hop"

b) Accumulation mechanism of plant specific metabolites. (Yazaki)
Plant vacuoles accumulate various specific products, e.g., anthocyanins, tannins, alkaloids, etc. The accumulation mechanism involves diverse factors, e. g., membrane transporters, pH gradient, membrane potential and counter ions in matrix. The molecular mechanisms on membrane transport and accumulation of plant secondary metabolites, as well as long distance transport of those natural products are elucidated.

２）Organellar dynamics (Sakai, Yazaki)
All eukaryotic cells, including yeasts and plants, have organells.
For example, vacuoles in higher plants have functions to accumulate and reserve various secondary metabolites and proteins.
On the other hand, main function of vacuoles in fungi is degradation of proteins, which has critical role in plant pathogenic fungi.
And each organelle does not function in totally independent manner. Multiple organells interract and cooperate in secretion of proteins and various metabolites.
The lecture will be focused on the importance, generality, and diversity, of organelles and their fuctions, in applied life sciences, e.g., bio-production and fermentation.
Evaluation Methods and Policy Report, presentation, and participation in discussion.
Refer to '2019 Guide to Degree Programs' for attainment levels of evaluation.
Course Requirements None
Study outside of Class (preparation and review) The students are expected to review the lecture with the delivered hand-outs, and further study with referenced scientific articles.
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