Numbering Code	G-AAA01 81325 LE31	Year/Term	2022 ・ Second semester
Number of Credits	2	Course Type	Lecture
Target Year	From 1st to 5th year students	Target Student
Language	English	Day/Period	Tue.2
Instructor name	FEENER, Michael (Center for Southeast Asian Studies Professor)
Outline and Purpose of the Course	This course explores historical dynamics of Islamization and vernacularization in Southeast Asia. Major topics to be covered include the rise of regional sultanates, the conversion of local populations, the development of vernacular Muslim cultural expressions, and the impact of European colonialism on Muslim communities in the region.
Course Goals	Through this course of directed readings and active class discussion, students will familiarize themselves with the historical formation and development of Muslim societies of Southeast Asia. This can provide an important foundation for the further study and understanding of modern / contemporary developments in the region, as well as perspective on the way in which distinctive local cultures formed across the archipelago in dynamic interaction with other traditions originating in East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.
Schedule and Contents	Week 1 General Introduction to this course, and to the study of Muslim history Requirements and expectations: What will be required of you? Week 2 Islamization Marshall Hodgson (1974), The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization. University of Chicago Press, II: 532-551. Nehemia Levtzion (1979). “Toward a Comparative Study of Islamization,” in: Conversion to Islam. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1-23. Torsten Tschacher, “Circulating Islam: Understanding Convergence and Divergence in the Islamic Traditions of Ma’bar and Nusantara,” in: R. Michael Feener & Terenjit Sevea, Eds. Islamic Connections: Muslim Societies in South and Southeast Asia (Singapore: ISEAS Press, 2009), 48-67. Richard Eaton (2003). The Rise of Islam on the Bengal Frontier. Berkeley: University of California Press, 268-303. Devin DeWeese (1994), Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde. University Park, PA: Penn State Press, 17-66. Week 3 Vernacularization Finbarr Flood (2009). Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval ‘Hindu-Muslim’ Encounter. Princeton University Press, 1-14. Johan Elverskog (2013). Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road. Singapore: ISEAS Press, 57-116. Amitav Acharya (2013). “Indianization, Localization, or Convergence,” in: Civilizations in Embrace: The Spread of Ideas and the Transformation of Power – India and Southeast Asia in the Classical Age. Singapore: ISEAS Press. 19-42. Zvi Ben-Dor Benite (2005). “The Han Kitab Authors and the Chinese Islamic School,” The Dao of Muhammad: A Cultural History of Muslims in Late Imperial China. Harvard University Press, 115-162. Ronit Ricci (2011). Islam Translated: Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia. University of Chicago Press, 1-23. Week 4 Early Muslim Maritime Networks G.R. Tibbetts (1957), “Early Muslim Traders in Southeast Asia,” Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society XXX.i: 1-45. Hermann Kulke (2009). “The Naval Expeditions of the Cholas in the Context of Asian History,” in: Hermann Kulke, K. Kesavapany & Vijay Sakhuja, Eds. Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflecitons on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia. Singapore: ISEAS Press, pp. 1-19. Angela Schottenhammer (2019), “China’s Increasing Integration into the Indian Ocean World until Song Times: Sea Routes, Connections, Trades,” in: Early Global Interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I – Commercial Structures and Exchanges PalgraveMacMillan, pp. 21-52. Eiovind Heldaas Seland (2019): in: Early Global Interconnectivity across the Indian Ocean World, Volume I – Commercial Structures and Exchanges. PalgraveMacMillan, pp. 69-84. Roderich Ptak, (1992). “The Northern Trade Route to the Spice Islands: South China Sea – Sulu Zone – North Moluccas, 14th to early 16th century),” Archipel 43: 27-56 https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1992_num_43_1_2804 Week 5 First Formations of Local Muslim Cultures Geoff Wade (2010). “Early Muslim Expansion in Southeast Asia, eighth to fifteenth centuries,” New Cambridge History of Islam, volume 3, 366-408. Anthony Reid (1993). “A Religious Revolution,” Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680 – Volume Two: Expansion and Crisis. Yale University Press. 132-201. Elizabeth Lambourn (2008). “Tombstones, texts and typologies - seeing sources for the early history of Islam in Southeast Asia,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 51.2: 252-286. R. Michael Feener, et al. (2021). “Islamization and the Formation of Vernacular Tradition in 15th-Century Northern Sumatra,” P. Daly, E.E. McKinnon, L. Lum, Ardiansyah, Nizamuddin, N. Ismail, Y.S. Tai, J. Rahardjo, & K. Sieh Indonesia and the Malay World: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2021.1873564 Majid Daneshgar (2020). “An Old Persian Anthology of Poems from Aceh,” Dabir 7: 61-90. Week 6 Accounts of Islamization G.W.J. Drewes (1968). “New Light on the Coming of Islam to Indonesia,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 124.4: 433-459 https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/124/4/article-p433_1.xml?language=en Denys Lombard & Claudine Salmon (1994). “Islam and Chineseness,” Indonesia 57: 115-132. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/54025 Pierre-Yves Manguin (1985), “The Introduction of Islam to Champa,” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society LVIII.i, pp. 1-28. J. Noorduyn (1987). “Makassar and the Islamization of Bima,” ,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 143.3: 312-342 https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/143/2-3/article-p312_6.xml?rskey=FGvblb&result=1 Tom Harrison (1972). “The Advent of Islam to West and North Borneo,” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society XLV.i: 10-20. Holger Warnk, “The Coming of Islam and Moluccan-Malay Culture to New Guinea. C. 1500-1920,” Indonesia and the Malay World 30.110: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13639811003665454?needAccess=true Week 7 Trade, sufism and military expansion A.H. Johns (1993). "Islamization in Southeast Asia: Reflections and Reconsiderations with Special Reference to the Role of Sufism." Southeast Asian Studies (Kyoto) 31(1): 43-61. M.C. Ricklefs (2007). “The Javanese Islamic Legacy to c. 1830: The Mystic Synthesis,” Polarising Javanese Society: Islamic and other visions (c. 1830-1930). Singapore: NUS Press. 1-11. Thomas Gibson (2007). Islamic Narrative and Authority in Southeast Asia from the 16th to the 21st Century. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 27-54. Michael Hitchcock (1996). Islam and Identity in Eastern Indonesia. University of Hull Press, 57-72. Michael Laffan (2011). The Makings of Indonesian Islam: Orientalism and the Narration of a Sufi Past. Princeton University Press. 3-39. Week 8 Islamic institutional formations Marie-Sybille de Vienne (2015). Brunei: From the Age of Commerce to the 21st Century. Singapore: NUS Press, 29-49. Simon C. Kemper (2018). “The White Heron Called by the Muezzin: Shrines, Sufis and Warlords in Early Modern Java,” in: Joshua Gedacht & R. Michael Feener, Eds. Challenging Cosmopolitanism: Coercion, Mobility, and Displacement in Islamic Asia. Edinburgh University Press, pp. 81-120. Ismail Fajrie Alatas (2019), Buddhist and Islamic Networks in Southern Asia: Comparative Perspectives, in: R. Michael Feener & Anne M. Blackburn, Eds. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 20-48:https://www.academia.edu/38538511/Buddhist_and_Islamic_Orders_in_Southern_Asia_Comparative_Perspectives Philip Bruckmayr (2019). Cambodia’s Muslims and the Malay World: Malay Language, Jawi Script, and Islamic Factionalism from the 19th-century to the Present. Leiden: Brill. pp. 25-55. Week 9 Courts and cultures of Southeast Asian sultanates Anthony Reid (1997). “Islam and the State in Seventeenth-century Southeast Asia.” Proceedings of the International Seminar on Islamic Civilization in the Malay World. T. Abdullah. Istanbul: IRCICA. 67-84. Martin van Bruinessen, (1995). “Shari'a Court, Tarekat and Pesantren: Religious Institutions in the Banten Sultanate.” Archipel. 50: 165-200. Takeshi Ito (1984). The World of the Adat Aceh: A Historical Study of the Sultanate of Aceh. Australian National University dissertation, pp. 206-272 http://acehbooks.org/search/detail/4953?language=en Ann Kumar (1980). “Javanese Court Society and Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century: The Record of a Lady Soldier, Part I: The Religious, Social, and Economic Life of the Court,” Indonesia 29: 1-46. http://cip.cornell.edu/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&page=record&handle=seap.indo/1107122573 Week 10 Muslim material cultures John Kieschnick (2003). The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture. Princeton University Press. 1-23. Elizabeth Lambourn (2004). “The formation of the Batu Aceh Tradition in Fifteenth Century Samudera-Pasai,” Indonesia and the Malay World 32(93): 211-248. John Miksic (2005). “The Art of Cirebon and the Image of the Ascetic in Early Javanese Islam,” in: Crescent Moon: Islamic Art and Civilsation in Southeast Asia (Ed. James Stevenson Bennet). Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 121-138. Mehrdad Shokoohy (2011). “Muslim Malabar: A Crossroads with South-East Asia and Beyond,” Muslim Architecture of South India. London: RoutledgeCurzon. 247-266. Nancy Florida (1995). Writing the Past, Inscribing the Future: History as Prophecy in Colonial Java. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 352-390. C. van Dijk (2007). ”The Changing Contour of Mosques. In: Nas, P.J.M. (Ed.), The Past in the Present. Architecture in Indonesia,” Rotterdam & Leiden: NAi Publishers and KITLV Press. 45-66. Week 11 Literary Traditions Aditya Behl (2012). Love’s Subtle Magic: An Indian Islamic Literary Tradition, 1379-1545. Oxford University Press, 1-29. Annabel Teh Gallop (2007). “The Art of the Qur’an in Southeast Asia,” in: Word of God, Art of Man: The Qur’an and Creative Expression (Fahmida Suleman, Ed.). Oxford University Press, 191-204. A.H. Johns (1996). “In the Language of the Divine: The Contribution of Arabic,” in: Illuminations: The Writing Traditions of Indonesia: Featuring Manuscripts from the National Library of Indonesia (Ed. Ann Kumar). Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional, 33-48. Ricklefs, M. C. (1997). “Islam and the Reign of Pakubuwana II, 1726-49.” In: Islam- Essays in Scripture, Thought and Society: A Festschrift in Honour of Anthony H. Johns (P. Riddell & T. Street, Eds.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. 237-252. Cummings, W. (2001). "Scripting Islamization: Arabic Texts in Early Modern Makassar." Ethnohistory 48.4: 559-86. Week 12 Ritual and Pilgrimage Eric Tagliacozzo, The Longest Journey: Southeast Asians and the Pilgrimage to Mecca (Oxford University Press, 2013), 83-106. Claude Guillot (2002). “The Tembayat Hill: Clergy and Royal Power in Central Java from the 15th to the 17th Century,” in: The Potent Dead: Ancestors, Saints, and Heroes in Contemporary Indonesia (Henri Chambert-Loir & Anthony Reid, Eds.). Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 141-159. Peter Carey (2008). The Power of Prophecy: Prince Dipanagara and the end of the old order in Java, 1785-1855. KITLV Press. 127-156. FULL TEXT AVAILABLE FREE ONLINE AT: http://www.kitlv.nl/book/show/1204 Julian Millie (2009), Splashed by the Saint: Ritual Reading and Islamic Sanctity in West Java. Leiden: KITLV, 21-48. Laurie Sears (1996) Shadows of Empire: Colonial Discourses and Javanese Tales. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 34-74. George Quinn (2012), “The Veneration of Female Saints in Indonesia,” Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures (Suad Joseph et. al. , Eds.). Leiden: Brill, 2012. FULL TEXT AVAILABLE FREE http://www.academia.edu/2567548/The_veneration_of_female_saints_in_Indonesia Week 13 Itineraries and institutions of the ulama Azyumardi Azra (2004). The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia. Allen & Unwin. 70-86. Martin van Bruinessen (1994). “Pesantren and kitab kuning: continuity and change in a tradition of religious learning”, in: Wolfgang Marschall (ed.), Texts from the islands. Oral and written traditions of Indonesia and the Malay world [Ethnologica Bernica, 4]. Berne: University of Berne, 121-145. http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/m.vanbruinessen/publications/Bruinessen_Pesantren_and_kitab_kuning.pdf Peter Riddell (1997). “Religious links between Hadhramaut and the Malay-Indonesian world, c. 1850 to c. 1950,” in Ulrike Freitag and William Clarence-Smith (eds.), Hadhrami traders, scholars, and statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 217-30. Francis Bradley (2010). The Social Dynamics of Islamic Revivalism in the Rise of the Patani School, 1785-1909. University of Wisconsin dissertation, 272-342. FULL TEXT AVAILABLE FREE http://academics.hamilton.edu/history/fbradley/Bradley%20Dissertation.pdf Week 14 Rebellion, religious reform, and collaboration Peter Carey (2008). The Power of Prophecy: Prince Dipanagara and the end of the old order in Java, 1785-1855. KITLV Press. 605-656. FULL TEXT AVAILABLE FREE ONLINE AT: http://www.kitlv.nl/book/show/1204 Christine Dobbin (1974). "Islamic Revivalism in Minangkabau at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century." Modern Asian Studies 8(3): 319-345. Sartono Kartodirdjo (1966). The Peasant’s Revolt of Banten in 1888. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 140-175. Joshua Gedacht (2013), Islamic-Imperial Encounters: Colonial Warfare, Coercive Cosmopolitanism, and Religious Reform in Southeast Asia—1801-1941. University of Wisconsin dissertation, 36-115. Nico Kaptein (2009). “Arabophobia and Tarekat: How Sayyid Uthman became Advisor to the Netherlands Colonial Administration,” in: The Hadhrami Diaspora in Southeast Asia (Ahmad Ibrahim Abushouk & Hassan Ahmad Ibrahim, Eds.). Leiden: Brill, 33-44. Week 15 Modernizing reconfigurations Michael Feener (2010). “New Networks and New Knowledge: Migrations, Communications and the Refiguration of the Muslim Community in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries,” in: The New Cambridge History of Islam, volume 6 (Robert Hefner, Ed.). Cambridge University Press, 39-68. William Roff, (1964). "The Malayo Muslim World of Singapore at the Close of the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Asian Studies 24(1): 75-90. Nile Green (2011). Bombay Islam: The Religious Economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840-1915. Cambridge University Press, 90-117. Michael Laffan (2002) Islam and Nationhood: The Umma Below the Winds. London: Routledge, 103-113. Jeffrey Hadler (2009). Muslims and Matriarchs: Cultural Resilience in Minangkabau through Jihad and Colonialsim. Singapore: NUS Press, 138-155. M.C. Ricklefs, (2006). “The Birth of the Abangan,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 162.1: 35-55.
Evaluation Methods and Policy	Class attendance and active participation (50%), two in-class presentation of assigned readings (25% each).
Course Requirements	This class will be conducted as a seminar. Each class meeting will open with a presentation by the instructor, followed by discussion of the assigned texts. At regular points in the course, individual students will be required to make short presentations on particular readings to open up the conversation. Individual copies of all materials assigned for a particular day must be brought to class with you to facilitate direct reference to particular passages for discussion. Active class participation will thus form a major component of one’s overall grade for the course.
Study outside of Class (preparation and review)	Class discussions will require all students to have done the assigned readings carefully enough beforehand to have active and informed discussions of them in class.
Textbooks	Textbooks/References	All of the required readings are available on Panda. The CSEAS Library has a wealth of references materials on the region, including atlases, dictionaries, grammars, and encylopedias.
References, etc.	In addition to print resources, you can find a wealth of primary source material online including digitized manuscripts from: • The Endangered Archives Programme: https://eap.bl.uk/search?query=indonesia • The British Library: http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/BriefDisplay.aspx?size=50 o Please also check out their very informative ‘Asian and African Studies Blog’: https://blogs.bl.uk/.services/blog/6a00d8341c464853ef017ee63efb3d970d/search?filter.q=southeast+asia&search.x=0&search.y=0&search=Search • DREAMSEA Project Archive at the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library: https://hmml.org/research/dreamsea/ • The Malay Concordance Project searchable database of classical texts: https://mcp.anu.edu.au • Handlist of Jawi Authors and their Works: http://faculty.washington.edu/heer/handlist23.pdf • The Maritime Asia Heritage Society online archive: https://maritimeasiaheritage.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp also contains a number of digitized manuscripts: https://maritimeasiaheritage.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/manuscript-viewer/ o Other useful references are available there as well including an interactive timeline: https://maritimeasiaheritage.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/resources/#timeline o An online publication series: https://maritimeasiaheritage.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp/blog/ o Interactive 3D models of historical sites, buildings and objects in Aceh: https://sketchfab.com/MaritimeAsiaHeritageSurvey/collections/heritage-of-aceh-indonesia