Cell Biology of Woody Plants
| Numbering Code | U-AGR05 3E134 LJ80 | Year/Term | 2022 ・ First semester | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Credits | 2 | Course Type | Lecture | |
| Target Year | 3rd year students | Target Student | ||
| Language | Japanese | Day/Period | Thu.1 | |
| Instructor name | SUGIYAMA JUNJI (Graduate School of Agriculture Professor) | |||
| Outline and Purpose of the Course | Trees accumulate solar energy in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in cell walls produced through persistent vigorous xylem formation. In addition, lumber created by assembling cell walls is a very useful biological resource for creating a sustainable society. While mentioning the diverse characteristics of various trees, we will discuss the formation, type and characteristics of tree cells, and the roles of each organization and cell. | |||
| Course Goals |
Understand the mechanism of solar energy accumulation in trees. The structure and function of coniferous and hardwood xylem tissues, their diversity, aging and the environmental responses of trees. |
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| Schedule and Contents |
First session: Orientation Overview of tree cell biology and an explanation of recent topics. Second session: Structure and functions of phloem (1) Photosynthetic products are transported to trees through phloem. The types, characteristics, and functions of the cells that comprise the phloem are described. Third session: Structure and functions of phloem (2) A phloem losing function works as a protective tissue along with the periderm. The types, characteristics, and functions of the cells that comprise the peridermal formation and periderm are described. Fourth session: Tree growth mechanisms (1) Trees grow in an elongated fashion and undergo hypertrophic growth to thicken the trunks. The mechanism of cell fragmentation that occurs during growth is explained. Fifth session: Tree growth mechanisms (2) The mechanism of cell fragmentation that occurs during hyperbolic growth is explained. Sixth session: Basic structure and function of coniferous and hardwood xylem tissues (1) The characteristics and functions of the xylem cells that comprise conifers are explained. Seventh session: Basic structure and function of coniferous and hardwood xylem tissues (2) The characteristics and functions of the xylem cells that encompass broad-leaved trees are explained. Eighth session: Formation and roles of materials We discuss the mechanism of wood formation, which is a phenomenon peculiar to trees. Ninth session: Diversity of tissue structure and its significance (1) Learn the fundamentals of tree species identification and explain the identification of hardwoods and conifers with a hand lens. Tenth session: Diversity of tissue structure and Its significance (2) Examples of social contribution through tree species identification, such as site surveys, are explained. Eleventh session: Adaptation of trees to the environment (1) When a tree tilts, it produces material for the trunk and returns it to a vertical orientation. The characteristics of lumber, and mechanism of stress generation in softwood and hardwood are explained. Twelfth session: Adaptation of trees to the environment (2) We outline various environmental factors recorded in tree cells and tissues. Thirteenth session: Adaptation of trees to the environment (3) The basics of ring chronology and ring climatology are outlined. Fourteenth session: Summary The series of lectures will be reviewed and supplementary explanations will be provided. Regular examination Fifteenth session: Feedback |
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| Evaluation Methods and Policy |
Performance evaluation is based on class participation (20%) and test results (80%). Evaluation standards and policies are based on those described in the Faculty of Agriculture Handbook for the relevant year. |
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| Course Requirements | Nothing in particular | |||
| Study outside of Class (preparation and review) | The previous session's questions will be explained at the beginning of the following lecture, so please try to review them. | |||
| Textbooks | Textbooks/References | In addition, lecture printouts will be distributed. | ||
| References, etc. | Kazuhiko Fukushima et al., "第２版 木質の形成" (Kaiseisha), ISBN: 978-4-86099-252-1 The Japan Wood Research Society ed., "木質の構造" (Buneido) ISBN: 978-4-8300-4120-4 | |||
