Forest Biochemistry II｜Kyoto University OpenCourseWare

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Forest Biochemistry II
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Numbering Code	U-AGR05 3E132 LJ80	Year/Term	2022 ・ First semester
Number of Credits	2	Course Type	Lecture
Target Year	3rd year students	Target Student
Language	Japanese	Day/Period	Mon.2
Instructor name	SAKAMOTO MASAHIRO (Graduate School of Agriculture Associate Professor)
Outline and Purpose of the Course	Following Forest Biochemistry I, Forest Biochemistry II describes biological phenomena regarding the basics of nucleic acid replication, transcription, translation, recombinant DNA technology, and genetic engineering. At the same time, without being bound by trees in the study of tree physiology and tree biochemistry, it describes physiological phenomena in plants in general from a molecular biology viewpoint. In particular, it describes the latest research on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism, carbon assimilate translocation, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, method of gene introduction in plants, genomes of chloroplast and mitochondria, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and flavonoid (the three main components of the cell wall).
Course Goals	To understand microscopic life phenomena at the molecular level, centering on plants, as well as to acquire knowledge that enables a macroscopic view that connects cells to tissues, tissues to individuals, and individuals to the entire ecosystem.
Schedule and Contents	The following topics will be covered with 1-2 weeks of classes for each topic: 1. Nucleic acid replication and transcription I: Fundamental properties of DNA and DNA replication 2. Nucleic acid replication and transcription II: Transcription to RNA 3. Translation of nucleic acids, biosynthesis into proteins: Transmission of genetic information from RNA, protein biosynthesis on ribosomes 4. Recombinant DNA technology: Basic experimental techniques used in genetic engineering 5. Photosynthesis and carbon metabolism I: Carbon fixation by photosynthesis in plants and the mode of carbon fixation 6. Photosynthesis and carbon metabolism II: Translocation of produced carbon assimilation products, sinks and sources 7. Nitrogen and sulfur metabolism: Plant nitrogen metabolism, relation to rhizobia, sulfur metabolism 8. Plant genome research: Latest topics on genome research 9. Organelle genome: Chloroplast and mitochondrial function and organelle genome 10. Plant cell characteristics and gene transfer: Plant totipotency and gene transfer technology 11. Biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose: Functions of genes involved in the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose 12. Lignin biosynthesis: Functions of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis 13. Flavonoid biosynthesis: Functions of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and pigment formation 14. Morphogenetic genes: Latest topics on genes that shape plants 15. Environmental stress and genes: How plants adapt to the environment Final examination Feedback: After the test, on a set date and time, we lecturers will be available in the laboratory to answer students' questions.
Evaluation Methods and Policy	[Evaluation method] Evaluation will be based on class performance score (about 45% weightage) and final examination score (about 55% weightage). Class performance will be evaluated from the quizzes. The maximum total score of class performance and final examination is 100 marks. [Evaluation criteria] The evaluation criteria and achievement level are in accordance with the "Evaluation Criteria and Achievement Level" described in the Student Handbook of the Faculty of Agriculture for the relevant year.
Course Requirements	Nothing in particular
Study outside of Class (preparation and review)	No special preparation is required, but it is recommended to review the text after class as soon as possible. In addition, it is advisable to gain peripheral knowledge and greater understanding from the example reference book shown.
Textbooks	Textbooks/References	Will not be used. Handouts will be distributed during the lectures.
References, etc.	B.Buchanan, W.Gruissem, R.Jones 『Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants』 (American Society of Plant Physiologists) ISBN:10:0943088399 Although the Japanese edition has also been published, it is recommended to read the original text.